“Our favourite holding period is forever.” – Warren Buffett
The Indian benchmark index is down 35% plus from its highs. Our 8-year equity cycle depicts some 5-10% correction before the consolidation phase with a max downside of some 15% from current levels. Recovery to the new high would take anywhere between 27-46 months from the previous peak. In such cases how do small retail investors manage their money? The most important point is that many small retail investors do not have expertise to invest their hard earned money themselves. As such, they make wrong investment decisions. Here’s a low down on investment styles and a few rationales.
Systematic Investments (SIPs)
The best thing about reaping good returns is to plan your investments in systematic manner. Remember, nobody can time the market. So, if you have an investible surplus to be invested into equities, the right way to invest is in a systematic manner. Since, most small retail investors are salaried individuals, the best way to invest into equities, is to invest it every month. Yes, in the same manner you contribute to your provident fund or to your recurring deposit. If you invest regularly in the equity market, you can average your investments to the ups and downs of the equity market.
But the market is believed to enter consolidation phase. It’s the best time to start an SIP. As we mentioned above, the downside risk is some 15%. If you do an SIP with monthly interval, you average the risk on the downside at say 10% max. And the longer the market takes for consolidation, the better for a systematic investor.
Asset Allocation
The next and the most crucial element is allocation. Agreed, equity will deliver higher returns compared to other classes of investments, but only in the long term. So, don’t run around and invest a big chunk of your hard earned savings into equities. An equity investment is ideally a long-term bet, but in the short term you might require money to meet contingencies. Selling part of your equity investments at that point in time can adversely affect your chances of higher returns, especially when the equity cycle is on a down trend. For instance, if you invested 100% of your investible surplus in Jan ’08, the value of your investments would have eroded by 30% at least. Now, if you needed some cash now, selling in the current market would be horrendous. So, asset allocation helps.
As far as equity allocation is concerned, the generally used thumb rule, in percentage terms, is 100 minus your age. So, if you are 30 years old, 70% of your investible surplus should ideally be in equity. You can relax this thumb rule depending on your risk profile. Most small retail investors have very little risk appetite and it does make sense to relax this thumb rule.
One important thing to note here is that investible surplus for equity investments is different from your savings. You could have savings of Rs 1 lakh in a year, but your investible surplus is usually much lower than Rs 1 lakh.
Here is how your investible surplus should be ideally calculated. Your total annual savings minus your 2-4 months household expenses plus 15% of your savings set aside for contingency constitute your investible surplus for equity investments. For instance, if your annual savings are Rs 1 lakh and your monthly expenses are Rs 15,000, then your investible surplus would be Rs 40,000 only {Rs 100,000 – [(15,000 x 3 months) + 15,000)]. So, if you are 30 years old then ideally Rs 28,000 (70% of Rs 40,000 and not 70% of Rs 1 lakh) should be in invested in equities. The rest should be in other asset classes.
Returns
First and foremost, don’t get lured away with the short-term returns from equities. So, when you see that the equity market has almost halved your investments since the beginning of the year, don’t lose hope. Think of the times when the equity market has crashed and nearly zeroed investments. Remember, the Harshad Mehta episode or the 2000 technology boom and bust. No doubt, some companies during these booms and busts have not been able to survive and a few others have done a vanishing act. But, don’t worry. Remember, returns will come over a longer time frame. You cannot be lucky all the time to double your money every two years. But, a consolidation phase is the best time to get the maximum bang for your buck.
Long Term
Remember, equities will outperform all other investment classes in the long term. Take any 10-year period and equity returns have always out performed other investment classes. So, invest your hard earned savings and forget. Don’t try to copy the traders and speculators. As a small investor you are neither a trader, nor a speculator. So, don’t bother about your investments everyday. Let your money grow over the years.
Investing directly or indirectly
Equity investing, more often than not, is dynamic. Also, it requires a lot of dedication and time and hard work. It’s not meant for everyone, especially not for the salaried. It’s a full time profession. Just ask yourself, how much time you invest in buying a consumer durable. You visit so many shops, cross check so many models and take your own time before short listing on a single item of a single brand. It doesn’t matter if the consumer durable you are buying is for Rs 50,000 or Rs 5,000 – the process remains the same. Even then there are so many tales of small retail investors investing their hard earned savings in stocks recommended by some friend, relative or stockbroker. Don’t commit that same mistake again and again. Invest only after you have researched on the stock, in the same manner as you would have researched if you were buying a consumer durable. But a lot of them do not have the resources to research.
Rightly, knowledge and understanding are the key shortcomings faced by many small retail investors. In such a scenario, never aim to invest directly into the equity market. Invest through equity related products such as mutual funds (MFs). It makes more sense to hand over your hard earned investible surplus in the hands of professionals. Consider this: if you are unwell, do you go to the doctor or do you treat yourself? Ditto for your investments. The professionals will charge you a small fee, but will definitely manage your money more prudently than you.
Diversification
Whether you are investing directly or indirectly (small retail investors should prefer the latter), diversification is the key for better returns. Never have all your eggs in the same basket. See what happened when the tech boom and burst happened. If you were heavily invested in tech stocks, you would have made heavy losses. You never know which sector might perform better than other sectors in the long term. So, always diversify across industries such that at any given point in time at least some sector would be out performing.
Similar is the case while investing indirectly through MFs. There are so many sector funds such as the tech, infra, pharma, among others. You can choose to invest in different sector funds. But, unless, you have a high-risk appetite, do not invest your entire investible surplus in a single sector. Small retail investors, as a whole, have very little risk appetite, so it’s best to diversify. Diversified mutual funds are probably your best bet.
Selling your investments
The last point, but one of the most significant elements for higher returns is selling your investments. When should you sell your investments? Should you sell if you have achieved your targeted returns? For a small retail investor, the answer is a definite NO. Never touch your equity investments, unless a financial crisis hits on you and your other investments are not enough to support the financial calamity. Build on the equity corpus over the years and use it to fund your child’s education or marriage or buying a home. As the great legendary investor, Warren Buffett says, “Our favourite holding period is forever”.
The Indian benchmark index is down 35% plus from its highs. Our 8-year equity cycle depicts some 5-10% correction before the consolidation phase with a max downside of some 15% from current levels. Recovery to the new high would take anywhere between 27-46 months from the previous peak. In such cases how do small retail investors manage their money? The most important point is that many small retail investors do not have expertise to invest their hard earned money themselves. As such, they make wrong investment decisions. Here’s a low down on investment styles and a few rationales.
Systematic Investments (SIPs)
The best thing about reaping good returns is to plan your investments in systematic manner. Remember, nobody can time the market. So, if you have an investible surplus to be invested into equities, the right way to invest is in a systematic manner. Since, most small retail investors are salaried individuals, the best way to invest into equities, is to invest it every month. Yes, in the same manner you contribute to your provident fund or to your recurring deposit. If you invest regularly in the equity market, you can average your investments to the ups and downs of the equity market.
But the market is believed to enter consolidation phase. It’s the best time to start an SIP. As we mentioned above, the downside risk is some 15%. If you do an SIP with monthly interval, you average the risk on the downside at say 10% max. And the longer the market takes for consolidation, the better for a systematic investor.
Asset Allocation
The next and the most crucial element is allocation. Agreed, equity will deliver higher returns compared to other classes of investments, but only in the long term. So, don’t run around and invest a big chunk of your hard earned savings into equities. An equity investment is ideally a long-term bet, but in the short term you might require money to meet contingencies. Selling part of your equity investments at that point in time can adversely affect your chances of higher returns, especially when the equity cycle is on a down trend. For instance, if you invested 100% of your investible surplus in Jan ’08, the value of your investments would have eroded by 30% at least. Now, if you needed some cash now, selling in the current market would be horrendous. So, asset allocation helps.
As far as equity allocation is concerned, the generally used thumb rule, in percentage terms, is 100 minus your age. So, if you are 30 years old, 70% of your investible surplus should ideally be in equity. You can relax this thumb rule depending on your risk profile. Most small retail investors have very little risk appetite and it does make sense to relax this thumb rule.
One important thing to note here is that investible surplus for equity investments is different from your savings. You could have savings of Rs 1 lakh in a year, but your investible surplus is usually much lower than Rs 1 lakh.
Here is how your investible surplus should be ideally calculated. Your total annual savings minus your 2-4 months household expenses plus 15% of your savings set aside for contingency constitute your investible surplus for equity investments. For instance, if your annual savings are Rs 1 lakh and your monthly expenses are Rs 15,000, then your investible surplus would be Rs 40,000 only {Rs 100,000 – [(15,000 x 3 months) + 15,000)]. So, if you are 30 years old then ideally Rs 28,000 (70% of Rs 40,000 and not 70% of Rs 1 lakh) should be in invested in equities. The rest should be in other asset classes.
Returns
First and foremost, don’t get lured away with the short-term returns from equities. So, when you see that the equity market has almost halved your investments since the beginning of the year, don’t lose hope. Think of the times when the equity market has crashed and nearly zeroed investments. Remember, the Harshad Mehta episode or the 2000 technology boom and bust. No doubt, some companies during these booms and busts have not been able to survive and a few others have done a vanishing act. But, don’t worry. Remember, returns will come over a longer time frame. You cannot be lucky all the time to double your money every two years. But, a consolidation phase is the best time to get the maximum bang for your buck.
Long Term
Remember, equities will outperform all other investment classes in the long term. Take any 10-year period and equity returns have always out performed other investment classes. So, invest your hard earned savings and forget. Don’t try to copy the traders and speculators. As a small investor you are neither a trader, nor a speculator. So, don’t bother about your investments everyday. Let your money grow over the years.
Investing directly or indirectly
Equity investing, more often than not, is dynamic. Also, it requires a lot of dedication and time and hard work. It’s not meant for everyone, especially not for the salaried. It’s a full time profession. Just ask yourself, how much time you invest in buying a consumer durable. You visit so many shops, cross check so many models and take your own time before short listing on a single item of a single brand. It doesn’t matter if the consumer durable you are buying is for Rs 50,000 or Rs 5,000 – the process remains the same. Even then there are so many tales of small retail investors investing their hard earned savings in stocks recommended by some friend, relative or stockbroker. Don’t commit that same mistake again and again. Invest only after you have researched on the stock, in the same manner as you would have researched if you were buying a consumer durable. But a lot of them do not have the resources to research.
Rightly, knowledge and understanding are the key shortcomings faced by many small retail investors. In such a scenario, never aim to invest directly into the equity market. Invest through equity related products such as mutual funds (MFs). It makes more sense to hand over your hard earned investible surplus in the hands of professionals. Consider this: if you are unwell, do you go to the doctor or do you treat yourself? Ditto for your investments. The professionals will charge you a small fee, but will definitely manage your money more prudently than you.
Diversification
Whether you are investing directly or indirectly (small retail investors should prefer the latter), diversification is the key for better returns. Never have all your eggs in the same basket. See what happened when the tech boom and burst happened. If you were heavily invested in tech stocks, you would have made heavy losses. You never know which sector might perform better than other sectors in the long term. So, always diversify across industries such that at any given point in time at least some sector would be out performing.
Similar is the case while investing indirectly through MFs. There are so many sector funds such as the tech, infra, pharma, among others. You can choose to invest in different sector funds. But, unless, you have a high-risk appetite, do not invest your entire investible surplus in a single sector. Small retail investors, as a whole, have very little risk appetite, so it’s best to diversify. Diversified mutual funds are probably your best bet.
Selling your investments
The last point, but one of the most significant elements for higher returns is selling your investments. When should you sell your investments? Should you sell if you have achieved your targeted returns? For a small retail investor, the answer is a definite NO. Never touch your equity investments, unless a financial crisis hits on you and your other investments are not enough to support the financial calamity. Build on the equity corpus over the years and use it to fund your child’s education or marriage or buying a home. As the great legendary investor, Warren Buffett says, “Our favourite holding period is forever”.
