What is cheque truncation?
It is one of the major innovations in cheque clearing after the Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) cheques introduced in the 80s, cheque truncation is a system of clearing and settlement of cheques between based on electronic images. This form of clearing does not involve any physical exchange of instrument. The bank customers would get their cheques realised faster as local cheques are cleared almost the same day as the cheque is presented to the clearing house, while intercity clearing happens the next day. Besides, speedy clearing of cheques, banks also have additional advantage of reduced reconciliation and clearing frauds. It is also possible for banks to offer innovative products and services based on CTS.
Why is it needed?
Though MICR technology helped improve efficiency in cheque handling, clearing is not very speedy as cheques have to be physically transported all the way from the collecting branch of a bank to the drawee bank branch. The CTS is more advanced and more secure. Many countries have sought to address this issue with cheque truncation, in which the movement of the physical instruments is curtailed at a point in the clearing cycle, beyond which the process is completed, purely based only on the electronic data and images of the cheques.
What has been the international experience in this regard?
Denmark and Belgium are pioneers in CTS. They adopted complete cheque truncation system more than two decades ago. Sweden is the typical example for having achieved complete truncation where all the cheques can be presented and encashed at any branch; irrespective of the bank on which they are drawn. CTS also takes care of the needs of future electronic transactions.
What has RBI and banks done?
The Reserve Bank of India has already enabled CTS to be fully functional in New Delhi. Soon even cheque clearing in Chennai will be settled through CTS. While banks have also taken steps to introduce appropriate technology to facilitate this system.
What are the salient features of CTS?
The physical cheque is truncated within the presenting bank itself. Settlement is generated on the basis of current MICR code line data. These images will be archived electronically and be preserved for eight years. A centralised agency per clearing location will act as an image warehouse for the banks.
