INSURANCE behemoth, Life Insurance Corporation of India, has pumped around Rs 26,000 crore into the equities markets (April 2009-October 2009), according to a senior company official. In comparison, overseas funds during the same period have bought Indian stock worth about $16 billion. The largest insurer in the country, has also increased its investments in nonconvertible debentures (NCDs) of many blue-chip companies and has invested a little over Rs 17,000 crore in the same period. NCDs are structured debt product that cannot be converted into equity shares of the issuing company but carry a high interest rate. The life insurer has also disbursed close to Rs 5,000 crore towards various infrastructure projects including power, roads, airport and education in the current financial year.
What are derivatives? Derivatives are financial instruments, which as the name suggests, derive their value from another asset — called the underlying. What are the typical underlying assets? Any asset, whose price is dynamic, probably has a derivative contract today. The most popular ones being stocks, indices, precious metals, commodities, agro products, currencies, etc. Why were they invented? In an increasingly dynamic world, prices of virtually all assets keep changing, thereby exposing participants to price risks. Hence, derivatives were invented to negate these price fluctuations. For example, a wheat farmer expects to sell his crop at the current price of Rs 10/kg and make profits of Rs 2/kg. But, by the time his crop is ready, the price of wheat may have gone down to Rs 5/kg, making him sell his crop at a loss of Rs 3/kg. In order to avoid this, he may enter into a forward contract, agreeing to sell wheat at Rs 10/ kg, right at the outset. So, even if the price of wheat falls ...
